​Cannabis potency refers to the concentration of cannabinoids, primarily delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), found in cannabis products. Understanding potency is essential for consumers, producers, and regulators.

Key Cannabinoids

The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis is THC, which is responsible for the "high" sensation. CBD is a non-psychoactive compound that is being researched for various therapeutic applications.

Cannabinoid	Primary Effect	Legal Status
THC	Psychoactive, euphoric	Varies by jurisdiction
CBD	Non-psychoactive, therapeutic research	Widely accessible, subject to local rules
CBG	Non-intoxicating, minor cannabinoid	Varies by jurisdiction
CBN	Mildly psychoactive, byproduct of aged THC	Varies by jurisdiction

Measurement and Testing

Potency is typically measured as a percentage of the total weight or volume of the product. This testing is crucial for product labeling and consumer safety.

Testing Methods

Potency testing is generally performed by third-party laboratories. Key steps include:

1. Sample Collection: A representative sample is taken from the batch.
2. Extraction: Cannabinoids are extracted from the plant material using solvents.
3. Analysis: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the gold standard for separating and quantifying the cannabinoids.
4. Reporting: Results are provided on a Certificate of Analysis (COA).

Product Potency Variations

Potency can vary significantly across different product types and consumption methods.

• Flower: Potency depends on the strain and cultivation methods. THC content typically ranges from 15% to over 30%.
• Concentrates: These products, such as waxes and oils, are highly potent, with THC levels often exceeding 60% and sometimes reaching over 90%.
• Edibles: The potency is usually expressed in total milligrams (mg) of THC per serving and per package. Potency should be clearly marked on packaging.

Consumer Safety and Dosing

Consumers should always start with a low dose, especially when trying a new product or method of consumption.

Product Type	Recommended Starting Dose	Notes
Inhalable (Flower/Vape)	1-5 mg THC equivalent	Effects are typically felt within minutes.
Edibles	2-5 mg THC	Effects can take 30 minutes to 2 hours to fully manifest.
Tinctures	Varies	Consult product label for per-drop potency.