Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is a genus of flowering plants within the Cannabaceae family. The leaves of the cannabis plant are its most recognizable feature, characterized by a distinct palm-like shape and unique arrangement along the stem.
General Leaf StructureThe leaves of the cannabis plant are anatomically complex and serve as primary sites for photosynthesis and gas exchange.
- Palmate Morphology: The leaves are palmate, meaning they are divided into several distinct leaflets that radiate from a single point at the end of the leaf petiole (stem).
- Leaflet Characteristics:
- Count: Mature leaves typically consist of 5 to 11 leaflets, though this number can vary depending on the plant's age and specific variety.
- Margins: The edges of the leaflets are serrated or toothed.
- Phyllotaxy (Arrangement): The arrangement of leaves changes as the plant matures. On the lower parts of the stem, leaves are usually arranged oppositely, while they often transition to an alternate arrangement toward the top of the plant.
Variations by Classification
While the basic structure remains consistent, leaf morphology is a key indicator used to differentiate between major cannabis classifications.
Classification | Leaf Appearance | Plant Growth Habit |
|---|---|---|
Cannabis Sativa | Long, slender leaflets that are narrow in width. | Tall, slender plants typically grown in warmer climates. |
Industrial Hemp | Characteristics similar to Sativa; features palmate leaves with 5-11 serrated leaflets. | Upright growth habit, reaching heights of 1 to 5 meters. |
The leaves are often included in the broad definition of "marijuana," which refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds of the plant.
- Upper Stem Leaves: Female flowers (pistillate) often cluster in the axils of these leaves near the top of the plant.
- Resin Production: While the primary source of cannabinoids and resin is the female flower (specifically the sticky bracts), surrounding foliage can also contain varying concentrations of these compounds.